فصلنامه تاریخ
پیاپی 47 (زمستان 1396)

The magazine “Rahnamaye Zendegi” (Guidance to Life) with Mr. Mostaanconcessionaire and managed by Ms. Pesian was the first pictorial family magazine thatused to be published in Tehran in biweekly basis within to , during RezaShah Reign. Investigation into this magazine is of great importance as it covers bothReza Shah and early Mohammad Reza Shah Reigns that enables comparison of culturalpolicy change. The trend of modernizing people started earlier, was intensified byconsolidation of Reza Shah Pahlavi at the top of the power pyramid. “RahnamayeZendegi” was among the magazines that tried to familiarize different classes of womenwith new life styles regarding government policies. This research tries to evaluate bothstructural and contextual aspects of the aforesaid magazine by dealing with howmodern women were illustrated and what components of modern women were focused.This research is library-based which mainly stands on an analytical descriptive study.The results of the present study indicate that “Rahnamaye Zendegi” magazine has onlypromoted modernity in appearance rather than profound fundamental ideals andinsights. They also reveal that restrained modernity proposed by the magazine articleswas propagated in order to prevent corruption and depravity in the community.

The colonial as a political and economic phenomenon, initiated in communities such as Lands and the United States, Africa, Oceania and Asia during 16th century with the presence of powerful European countries of the time with an aim loot national resources and reserves. Anti-colonialism is a title for the movement happened in the second half of the 20th century against colonialism, particularly against political, economic and cultural dominance of European imperialism and of non-European peoples.  on cattle have come to fight. The aim of anti-colonialism was a national independence and the formation of the State. Aref qazvini is one of the famous figures of constitutional era and contemporary literature that has the revolutionary spirit with a borderless patriotism. He considered the anti-colonialism motif, liberty and devotion seriously. One of the most valuable concepts found in his poems is the disgusting presentation of colonialism. Reading the political poems with music in the presence of the people was unprecedented and people did not know so far that Music also can be used for political purposes; it is one of the main reasons he is red to the "national poet".. This study explores the political and social situation prevailed in mystic’s era and the impression can be traced specially that of anti-colonialism in his poems. Hence, the result of present study is based on analytical conten.

(issue) and through (however) dispersed researches has written about tribal traditions and culture and their history and record ; But until now hasn’t written independent and proper (suitable) research about the tribe of Kalhor's historical and political geography and their role in west of iran. Therefore it is the most important question of research that the tribe of Kalhor what (whether) plays role in political and social history of west of iran by reference historical instances and written sources? The results of research shows that the tribe of Kalhor plays undeniable role in political reactions of west of iran in recent islamic centuries. In recent islamic centuries always, central state of iran was pursuing a reactionable system , because of reaction to tribes and superior and dominant central power were establishing specific relation with local powers and other tribes and groups. In other words in this period, central government pursued all of tricks and diplomacies that were for stabilization of political power between tribe of Kalhor and tribes in west; it did give (concede) a part of it's authorities in local district of Kermanshah to Kords because of pursuing a type of reactionably in related to them and did distribution of political, economic, military power because of receipt of their local duties (services).

The proposal to change the system of Royal Rule to the Republic in , which wassuggested from British, was proposed by Sardar Sepah and his supporters tocompensate for the benefits of the canceled agreement of , despite all the cost andeffort did not succeed. Mirzadeh Eshghi's reflected opinion, Malek al-Sho'ara Bahar,Seyyed Ashrafidin Gilani and Aref Ghazvini about this subject are a view of thethoughts of open-minded people and the public. By analyzing the poems of these four,Eshghi and Bahar were strongly opposed to the Republic, and Seyyed AshrafodinGilani accompanied them with a humorous sound, but Aref recognized the occurrenceof this idea beneficial for the country and advertised it. The accuracy of the way therepublic reflect on the poems of these poets, in addition to the historical and logicaloverview, helps us to better understanding the reasons, the causes of the plan, the manyactions to make it successful, and the reasons for the failure of republicanism. In thisarticle, by analytic-descriptive method, the poems of these four poets concerning RezaKhan Republic are carefully considered, and also comparing them with each other, aswell as with related historical sources, the reasons for their opposition or agreement areexpressed. It also has been shown that the great political events if does not take theirproper time, do not be succeed and the mention of the influential components on animportant historical event without reference to the simultaneous literary works can’t befully valid. These poems are considered as historical documentary poetry, whosehistorical value is very much debatable.

The proposal to change the system of royal rule to the Republic in 1302, which, according to the British, was proposed by Sardar Sepah and his supporters to compensate for the benefits of the canceled agreement of 1919, he did not succeed despite his expense and frustration. Mirzadeh Eshghi's reflection, Malek al-Sha'ari Bahar, Seyyed Ashrafidin Gilani and Aref Ghazvini on this subject are a reflection of the reflection of the views of the intellectuals and the public. By analyzing the lyrics of these four, love and spring were strongly opposed to the Republican, and Seyyed Ashraf Din Gilani accompanied them with a humorous sound, but the mystic recognized the occurrence of this idea for the beneficial country and advertised it. The accuracy of the way the republics reflect on the poems of these poets, in addition to the historical and logical overview, helps us to better understand the roots, the causes of the plan, the many actions for the seat, and the reasons for the failure of republicanism. In this article, by analytical-descriptive method, the poems of these four poets concerning the Republic of Iran are carefully considered. Comparing them with each other as well as with related historical sources, the reasons for their opposition or agreement are expressed, and it has been shown that the great political events if Does not succeed in the proper time, and the mention of the influential components on an important historical question without reference to the literary works simultaneously can not be fully valid. These poems are considered as historical poetry, whose historical value is very much debatable.

Arendt can be thought of as a constant effort to rebuild the theoretical field of politicalthought. His new meaning in this field, though his result is in Greek sources, containsnew implications. Arendt's attempt to formulate an anti-humanist meaning for freedomand to obscure this term, on the one hand, and his emphasis on the transnational bondbetween plurality and freedom, on the other hand, are the most important of these newdimensions. But the latest missed point in his vote is his view of art as a realm thatguarantees the realization of pluralism and political life in the same way. Since Arendthas never done a work exclusively in the field of aesthetics and art, this articleexamines and finally elaborates on how the theoretical development of the aestheticfield to Arendt's political philosophy is examined in the course of his numerous andvaried works.

One of the tasks of the Islamic state is to recognize the rights of its own sovereigntyand to institutionalize its implementation.The Islamic State, as a rational state, has guaranteed the people's rights from the outset.Of course, this is a way to the extent that individuals, by their actions and actions, willnot be deprived of this salary. Since the rights of human beings, especially religiousminorities in a society and Islamic state, are of particular importance from the point ofview of religion, scholars, researchers and historians have examined it in differentways. The Prophet of Islam (p.h) also attaches particular importance to the religiousminorities existing in the Islamic society in their behavior and behavior and has shownadmirable respect for themselves, and this can undoubtedly be a good model forMuslims.History has been well recorded with the behavior of the Prophet (p.h) and AmirMo'mnan Ali (p.h) with religious minorities who lived under their rule and rule.Therefore, observing the behavior and policies of the Prophet (p.h) and the Prophet(p.h) , the message of Islam can be understood that each person can choose any beliefwith his own accord. However, to Allah Almighty, only religion is the religion ofIslam.Considering the numerous historical examples illustrating this fact, the present studyseeks to examine the history of the innocent family in the face of religious minorities. AbstractOne of the tasks of the Islamic state is to recognize the rights of its own sovereigntyand to institutionalize its implementation.The Islamic State, as a rational state, has guaranteed the people's rights from the outset.Of course, this is a way to the extent that individuals, by their actions and actions, willnot be deprived of this salary. Since the rights of human beings, especially religiousminorities in a society and Islamic state, are of particular importance from the point ofview of religion, scholars, researchers and historians have examined it in differentways. The Prophet of Islam (p.h) also attaches particular importance to the religiousminorities existing in the Islamic society in their behavior and behavior and has shownadmirable respect for themselves, and this can undoubtedly be a good model forMuslims.History has been well recorded with the behavior of the Prophet (p.h) and AmirMo'mnan Ali (p.h) with religious minorities who lived under their rule and rule.Therefore, observing the behavior and policies of the Prophet (p.h) and the Prophet(p.h) , the message of Islam can be understood that each person can choose any beliefwith his own accord. However, to Allah Almighty, only religion is the religion ofIslam.Considering the numerous historical examples illustrating this fact, the present studyseeks to examine the history of the innocent family in the face of religious minorities. V

The Qajar regime in the period of Nazareth and Mozhafi, in the context of which theWest African countries expanded the policy of exporting capital to undevelopedcountries, did not survive in the realm of economic, commercial and industrialdevelopment. There are many theories about this fact and the explanation of its origins.The nature of the work of the Qajar government and the inability of the government tounderstand the realities of the economy and the country's development, the appropriatecultural and social outreach, and finally the state's surrender to the extent of the colonialpolicies of Russia and the United Kingdom, including the factors that keep the country'seconomy away from the trend Expansionism. The present paper deals with the historyof economic developments and the study of Iran's machinery in the era of Naseri andMozafari, and in the second place, limited government measures in the field ofeconomic development that have caused Iran's economy to stagnate, and in the thirdplace, the social strata of the country , Such as businessmen, who had significantincentives to stimulate economic growth, not only lacked government support, but facedgovernment hardships, and in the fourth place, the inferiority of the spread ofbankruptcies, the degeneration of traditional domestic industries, economictransformation Trade is limited to economics, including institutions and obvioussymptoms Economic analysis and the development of barriers to underdevelopmenthave been analyzed.Key words: Qajar, Nazareth, Mozaffari, privileges, consequences, Russia, England. The Qajar regime in the period of Nazareth and Mozhafi, in the context of which theWest African countries expanded the policy of exporting capital to undevelopedcountries, did not survive in the realm of economic, commercial and industrialdevelopment. There are many theories about this fact and the explanation of its origins.The nature of the work of the Qajar government and the inability of the government tounderstand the realities of the economy and the country's development, the appropriatecultural and social outreach, and finally the state's surrender to the extent of the colonialpolicies of Russia and the United Kingdom, including the factors that keep the country'seconomy away from the trend Expansionism. The present paper deals with the historyof economic developments and the study of Iran's machinery in the era of Naseri andMozafari, and in the second place, limited government measures in the field ofeconomic development that have caused Iran's economy to stagnate, and in the thirdplace, the social strata of the country , Such as businessmen, who had significantincentives to stimulate economic growth, not only lacked government support, but facedgovernment hardships, and in the fourth place, the inferiority of the spread ofbankruptcies, the degeneration of traditional domestic industries, economictransformation Trade is limited to economics, including institutions and obvioussymptoms Economic analysis and the development of barriers to underdevelopmenthave been analyzed.Key words: Qajar, Nazareth, Mozaffari, privileges, consequences, Russia, England.